RESUMO Racional: Lesões duodenais e seu procedimento cirúrgico causam alta morbimortalidade. Objetivo: Avaliar a eficácia geral de retalho peritoneal no tratamento da perfuração do duodeno, visando reduzir o tempo, os custos, a complexidade e a mortalidade cirúrgicas. Métodos: Doze coelhos da raça Nova Zelândia, com idades entre 4-6 meses, ambos os sexos, foram submetidos a lesões duodenais cirúrgicas de grau III, que foram reparadas 18 h depois. Coelhos foram tratados cirurgicamente com a proposta de auto-enxerto de peritônio. Resultados: Não foram observados óbitos pós-operatórios; os animais apresentaram aumento de peso corporal e foram eutanasiados seis meses depois. Não houve diferença significativa entre os dois grupos em relação à evolução pós-operatória ou nas alterações histológicas. Conclusão: A auto-enxertia do peritônio e da fáscia posterior é uma opção útil para o reparo duodenal e vale a pena ser avaliada em seres humanos.

ABSTRACT Background: Duodenal injuries and their surgical procedure cause a high morbidity and mortality. Aim: To assess the overall effectiveness of the auto-graft of peritoneum in the treatment of the perforation of the duodenum, aiming to reduce surgery time, costs, complexity and mortality. Methods: Twelve New Zealand rabbits, ages 4-6 months, both sexes, underwent designed surgical grade III duodenal injuries that were repaired 18 h after. Rabbits were surgically treated with the proposed auto-graft of peritoneum. Results: No postoperative deaths were observed; the animals presented corporal weight increase and were euthanized six months later. There was no significant difference between both groups relating to the postoperative evolution or in the histological changes. Conclusion: Auto-graft of the peritoneum and posterior fascia is a useful option for duodenal repair and that is worth of evaluation for humans.

ABSTRACT INTRODUCTION To provide equal access, health care provision should be distributed across geodemographic space based on need. In Argentina, the social security, publicly funded health care and private health care subsectors are responsible for delivering health services. In the public subsector, which is responsible for providing primary and secondary care mainly to the uninsured population, supply of services is not always associated with need. The lack of coordination between levels and subsectors makes it difficult to transform need into demand. OBJECTIVE Design a methodology to systematically estimate need, demand and supply of primary health care services based on secondary data sources in order to assess potential mismatches in any geographical area. METHODS An ecological analysis was conducted based on outpatient visits in primary care in Bahía Blanca, Buenos Aires Province, Argentina. A mathematical approach was proposed to systematize data collection by census tract regarding estimated need (number of outpatient visits needed, by specialty, according to age- and sex-specific care protocols and the area’s demographics), demand (actual outpatient visits by specialty in each primary health care center), and supply (visit capacity or available appointment slots, taking into account number of personnel hours worked, by specialty). RESULTS Demand for outpatient visits exceeded need (299,731) by 24% while available visit capacity (993,903) could have covered more than twice the number demanded (370,881). Analysis of the three variables grouped by area found that supply correlated more closely with demand (ρ = 0.90) than with need (ρ = 0.68), while spatial analysis showed that supply distribution responded to need. Areas with greater need had a health facility relatively close by, although supply was often located in areas of lower need, and some areas struggle with relatively high need and insufficient supply. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest the need for some reconfiguration of primary health care in the study area. The proposed mechanism for estimating relationship among supply, demand and need is a useful tool to support decision-making.

Objective To assess the smoking habit in a sample of physicians of Argentina, the factors that favor tobacco consumption and physicians attitude regarding their patients who smoke. Material and methods This was an observational cross-sectional study which included physicians of Argentina, randomly selected from April through July 2004. The following data were analyzed: smoking prevalence, coronary risk factors, body mass index, physical activity, history of vascular events, family history of coronary heart disease and smoking, whether they had received smoking cessation training and whether they provided counseling and prescribed specific drugs for smoking cessation. Results A total of 6.497 physicians were surveyed (63% were male; mean age was 41.5 ± 10 years). Among the overall group, 30.0% were smokers and 22.4% were ex-smokers. The prevalence of smokers was higher among physicians working in emergency areas (p < 0.0001) and surgical specialties (p < 0.00001), with an addictive conduct profile, who were less likely to counsel patients to quit smoking (p < 0.00001). Physicians who had received some type of smoking cessation training (31.3%) were more likely to advise their patients to quit and prescribe specific drugs for smoking cessation (p < 0.00001). Ex smokers had a greater prevalence of coronary risk factors, acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and revascularization (p < 0.00001). Smokers and ex-smokers were more likely to have a family history of smoking (p < 0.001). Conclusions The prevalence of physicians who smoke is high, and is even higher among physicians who work in emergency and surgery services, who give their patients less anti-smoking advice. Physicians who had received smoking cessation training were more likely to provide advice and drugs for smoking cessation; hence the need to further promote medical training in this area.

Objetivo Analizar el tabaquismo en una muestra de médicos de la Argentina, los factores que favorecen su consumo y la conducta frente a sus pacientes fumadores. Material y métodos El presente es un estudio observacional y transversal que incluyó médicos de la Argentina, seleccionados aleatoriamente desde abril a julio de 2004. Se analizaron la prevalencia de tabaquismo, los factores de riesgo coronario, el índice de masa corporal, la actividad física, el antecedente de eventos vasculares, los antecedentes familiares de coronariopatía y tabaquismo, si habían recibido entrenamiento en tabaquismo, si brindaban consejo para la cesación del hábito y la utilización de fármacos específicos. Resultados Se encuestaron 6.497 médicos (63% varones, edad promedio 41,5 ± 10 años). La proporción de fumadores fue del 30,0% y la de ex fumadores, del 22,4%. Hubo mayor prevalencia de fumadores en servicios de urgencia (p < 0,0001) y en especialidades quirúrgicas (p < 0,00001), con un perfil de conducta adictiva y brindaban con menos frecuencia consejo para el abandono del hábito de fumar (p < 0,00001). Los que recibieron algún tipo de entrenamiento en tabaquismo (31,3%) brindaban consejo para el cese del hábito y prescribían fármacos específicos con más frecuencia (p < 0,00001). Los ex fumadores presentaron mayor prevalencia de factores de riesgo coronario, de IAM y de revascularización (p < 0,00001). Éstos y los fumadores tenían más antecedentes familiares de tabaquismo (p < 0,001). Conclusiones Existe una elevada proporción de médicos fumadores, con mayor prevalencia en servicios de urgencia y quirúrgicos y brindan menos consejo antitabaco. El haber recibido entrenamiento se asoció con mayor uso de consejo y fármacos para la cesación de la adicción tabáquica, por lo que se plantea la necesidad de generalizar la capacitación médica en este tema.